Working with commencements
Works can commence, or come into force, in a couple of different ways; each is discussed below.
Until a work has commenced, none of its actions (amending or repealing another work, for example) can be done yet, because the provisions of an uncommenced work do not yet have legal force.
Different provisions of a work may commence on different dates.
It is possible for a work to be assented to and promulgated, but never commence.
Commenced by itself (no commencing work)
In this case, all the provisions of the work commence on publication.
In some jurisdictions, the default commencement date is the date of assent – refer to the Interpretation Act of the jurisdiction you are working in to check.
Sometimes, the 'Short title and commencement' or 'Commencement' section of the work will specify a commencement date (finance-related works often give 1 April or 1 July as their commencement dates).
When this is the case, you should check 'Commenced' and give the relevant date when initially creating the work on the platform.
Commencement by notice
A commencement notice can give:
the date on which an entire work commences
different dates for different provisions of a work
the date on which only some provisions commence.
The entire work commences
In this case, all the provisions of the work commence on the same date; this date is given in a Commencing work, often a notice, which will be gazetted like all other works.
When this is the case, you should:
Create the Commencing work on the platform first, as with any other work (it will be a 'stub' if it's a notice).
For the title, use the name of the principal work and add ': Commencement'. For example, 'Namibia Institute of Pathology Act, 1999: Commencement'.
For the subtype and number, use 'gn' for a Government Notice and the number of the notice.
Edit the work that has been commenced: check 'Commenced', give the commencement date, and choose the Commencing work that you created in Step 1 under Choose commencing work. You can use the notice number to search for it in the popup.
Commencement notices always commence on publication.
Different provisions commence on different dates
In this case, a Commencing work will specify which provisions commence on which date.
When this is the case, you should:
Create the Commencing work on the platform first, as with any other work (commencement notices are usually stubs).
Instead of editing the work directly, go to the work's 'Commencements' tab.
Click Add commencement, and choose the Commencing work that you created in Step 1. You can use the notice number to search for it in the popup. The commencement will automatically save, but will need to be edited.
Click Edit on the commencement you just created.
Update the date to be the one specified in the notice. Sometimes, the date will already be correct, but you should always read the actual notice to check.
Uncheck 'Commences all provisions' if it is checked, and choose the provisions that commenced on this date.
Save.
If the commencement notice gives Chapters (the provisions list only contains sections), open the published document on the work to see which sections are in those Chapters.
If the commencement notice gives provisions below the secion level, these can only be recorded using editorial notes for the time being.
In the above example, an editorial note would be added below both section 97(3) and 97(4), each of which reads [subsection (3) commenced on 21 March 2020 by GN 123 of 2020], with the correct details filled in. The notice number should be linked before the document is published.
Certain provisions commence but only in relation to other provisions
This is rare, but sometimes we get a commencement notice like this:
In terms of section 65 of the Disaster Management Act, 2002 (Act No, 57 of 2002), I hereby determine -
(a) '1 April 2004 as the date on which -
(i) Chapters 2, 3 and 4 of the said Act; and
(ii) Chapters 1, 6 and 8 of the said Act in so far as they relate to the Chapters referred in sub-subparagraph (i), shall come into operation; and
(b) 1 July 2004 as the date on which the remaining provisions of the said Act shall come into operation.
In this case:
Record a commencement on 1 April 2004 for Chapters 2, 3 and 4.
Record a commencement on 1 July 2004 for everything else.
Use editorial notes at the top of Chapters 1, 6 and 8 to show that, in so far as they relate to Chapters 2, 3 and 4, they came into operation on 1 April 2004.
Insertion of new sections by amendment
When an amendment inserts a new section, we take that new section as having commenced on the date of the amendment. (Something can't be in force if it doesn't exist yet.)
When this is the case, you should, after having applied the amendment that inserts a new section:
Go to the work's 'Commencements' tab.
If there is a notice saying everything has commenced and no more commencements can be added, Edit the existing commencement:
Uncheck 'Commences all provisions'.
Select all sections except the section/s that were inserted by amendment.
Save.
Click Add commencement, and choose the Amending work responsible for the insertion/s in the popup. The commencement will automatically save, but will need to be edited.
Click Edit on the commencement you just created.
The date should be the date of commencement of the amendment.
Uncheck 'Commences all provisions' if it is checked, and choose the section/s that were inserted on this date.
Save.
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